These Tests Are Common After Mammograms. Here’s Why You May Need Them.
Waiting for mammogram results can be stressful, and if you get a call saying your mammogram was abnormal, it's normal to be worried or assume the worst. But an abnormal mammogram is much more common than many people realize, and it doesn't automatically mean you have breast cancer. Most women who are called back for additional testing after a mammogram learn that the finding is not cancer. Often, the radiologist simply needs a better look at an area that wasn't completely clear on the first images. Knowing what to expect can make the process a little less overwhelming and can help you take the next steps with confidence.
What does "abnormal" mean on a mammogram?
A mammogram is considered abnormal when the radiologist sees something that needs a closer look. This could include:
- A lump or mass
- Tiny calcium deposits called calcifications
- An area that looks different from the surrounding tissue
- Dense breast tissue that makes part of the image harder to interpret
Many of these findings turn out to be cysts, benign growths or normal breast tissue and not cancer.
Will I need more tests?
Depending on your mammogram results, your healthcare provider will explain which test is recommended. Common follow-up tests include:
- Diagnostic mammogram: This is similar to a regular mammogram but takes additional images that focus on the area of concern.
- Breast ultrasound: Sound waves create pictures of the breast. Ultrasounds are especially helpful for telling the difference between a fluid-filled cyst and a solid lump.
- Breast MRI: In some cases, an MRI may be recommended if more detailed images are needed or if you have a higher risk of breast cancer.
What if I need a biopsy?
If the additional imaging still leaves questions, your doctor may recommend a biopsy. While hearing the word "biopsy" can be frightening, it doesn't mean you definitely have cancer. During a biopsy, a small sample of breast tissue is removed and examined under a microscope. Most breast biopsies are done using a needle with local numbing medicine and surgery is usually not needed. The results typically come back within several days, although timing varies by facility.
Why do so many abnormal mammograms turn out to be harmless?
There are many reasons mammograms may look abnormal. Some common noncancerous causes include:
- Breast cysts
- Fibroadenomas, which are common benign tumors
- Dense breast tissue
- Scar tissue from previous surgery
- Hormonal changes
- Overlapping breast tissue on the X-ray image
Radiologists would rather double-check something that turns out to be harmless than miss an early cancer. That's why follow-up testing is important.
What should I do while I wait for results?
If you've been told that your mammogram is abnormal and you need additional testing, waiting for answers can be the hardest part. While you're waiting:
- Schedule your follow-up appointment as soon as possible.
- Ask your healthcare provider to explain your results if anything is unclear.
- Bring a family member or friend to appointments if it helps you feel more comfortable.
- Try not to search the internet for a possible diagnosis, which can increase anxiety.
It helps to remember that many abnormal mammograms turn out to not be cancer, but if you do have breast cancer, finding it early gives you the best chance for successful treatment.
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